win环境下配置gpg密钥

本文中使用的密钥为示例密钥，并无实际作用

安装git

https://git-scm.com/downloads

打开git bash

在桌面上右键打开菜单，点击

生成gpg密钥

参考文档 https://docs.github.com/zh/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/generating-a-new-gpg-key

输入指令 gpg --full-generate-key

$ gpg --full-generate-key # 输入生成gpg密钥的指令
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.29-unknown; Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Please select what kind of key you want: # 选择你想要的密钥类型，默认即可
   (1) RSA and RSA (default) # 默认值
   (2) DSA and Elgamal
   (3) DSA (sign only)
   (4) RSA (sign only)
  (14) Existing key from card
Your selection? # 回车，使用默认值（rsa）
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (3072) 4096 # 此处我手动输入4096，因为git文档中注明 `密钥必须至少是 4096 位`
Please specify how long the key should be valid. # 选择有效期
         0 = key does not expire # 默认值，永久生效
      <n>  = key expires in n days
      <n>w = key expires in n weeks
      <n>m = key expires in n months
      <n>y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0) # 回车,使用默认值
Key does not expire at all # 提示密钥不会过期
Is this correct? (y/N) y # 输入y并回车

GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key. # 需要输入个人信息

Real name: qwert # 输入名字，此处输入的是qwert
Email address: 123@456.com # 输入邮箱，此处输入的是123@456.com
Comment: test # 输入注释，此处输入的是test
You selected this USER-ID:
    "qwert (test) <123@456.com>"

Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? # 输入o则确认信息无误，生成密钥；输入q则取消生成并退出

Shell
​x
 
$ gpg --full-generate-key # 输入生成gpg密钥的指令gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.29-unknown; Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.​Please select what kind of key you want: # 选择你想要的密钥类型，默认即可   (1) RSA and RSA (default) # 默认值   (2) DSA and Elgamal   (3) DSA (sign only)   (4) RSA (sign only)  (14) Existing key from cardYour selection? # 回车，使用默认值（rsa）RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.What keysize do you want? (3072) 4096 # 此处我手动输入4096，因为git文档中注明 `密钥必须至少是 4096 位`Please specify how long the key should be valid. # 选择有效期         0 = key does not expire # 默认值，永久生效      <n>  = key expires in n days      <n>w = key expires in n weeks      <n>m = key expires in n months      <n>y = key expires in n yearsKey is valid for? (0) # 回车,使用默认值Key does not expire at all # 提示密钥不会过期Is this correct? (y/N) y # 输入y并回车​GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key. # 需要输入个人信息​Real name: qwert # 输入名字，此处输入的是qwertEmail address: 123@456.com # 输入邮箱，此处输入的是123@456.comComment: test # 输入注释，此处输入的是testYou selected this USER-ID:    "qwert (test) <123@456.com>"​Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? # 输入o则确认信息无误，生成密钥；输入q则取消生成并退出

输入o并回车后会跳出弹窗让你输入密码并确认（过短会提示，可以强制使用）

查看已有密钥 gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format=long

$ gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format=long
gpg: checking the trustdb
gpg: marginals needed: 3  completes needed: 1  trust model: pgp
gpg: depth: 0  valid:   2  signed:   0  trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 2u
/c/Users/Administrator/.gnupg/pubring.kbx
-----------------------------------------
sec   rsa4096/25F10366757A2676 2023-02-13 [SC]
      112C798ADD267E3918A0663825F10366757A2676
uid                 [ultimate] qwert (test) <123@456.com>
ssb   rsa4096/9DE000ED74E49E6B 2023-02-13 [E]

Shell
 
$ gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format=longgpg: checking the trustdbgpg: marginals needed: 3  completes needed: 1  trust model: pgpgpg: depth: 0  valid:   2  signed:   0  trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 2u/c/Users/Administrator/.gnupg/pubring.kbx-----------------------------------------sec   rsa4096/25F10366757A2676 2023-02-13 [SC]      112C798ADD267E3918A0663825F10366757A2676uid                 [ultimate] qwert (test) <123@456.com>ssb   rsa4096/9DE000ED74E49E6B 2023-02-13 [E]

导出公钥

在git bash中输入 gpg --armor --export 25F10366757A2676

注意，此处最后的数组是你生成的密钥对应的id，也就是上述步骤中sec开头的行，rsa4096/之后的那一串字符，此处是 25F10366757A2676

导出得到的公钥格式应该是如下格式

$ gpg --armor --export 25F10366757A2676
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
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=i2+O
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

Shell
 
$ gpg --armor --export 25F10366757A2676-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----​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i2+O-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

将公钥导入github

github设置 https://github.com/settings/keys

添加新gpg密钥 https://github.com/settings/gpg/new

文档参考 https://docs.github.com/zh/authentication/managing-commit-signature-verification/adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-github-account

打开添加新gpg密钥界面并填入title和key

title可以写一个名字，用于区分不同的公钥

key写上面步骤中导出的公钥

按照上述生成的内容填充后应该是如下格式

点击下方的Add GPG key将此gpg密钥添加到git中

设置git在提交中启用gpg签名

开启commit使用gpg签名 git config --global commit.gpgsign true

将 Git 配置为默认对所有提交进行签名 git config --global user.signingkey 25F10366757A2676

设置之后idea若不开启使用gpg签名则会提交失败

设置idea在提交时使用gpg签名

在idea设置中找到版本控制 > git，点击配置GPG密钥，勾选使用GPG密钥签署提交并在下方选择框中选择使用的密钥

之后提交推送时会弹窗提示输入密码

删除gpg密钥

删除密钥有三个选项：--delete-keys，--delete-secret-keys和--delete-secret-and-public-key
--delete-keys表示从公钥钥匙圈上删除密钥，也就是一同删除公钥和对应的私钥。在分批模式（batch mode）下，密钥必须使用指纹表示，或者使用–yes选项。
--delete-secret-keys表示从私钥钥匙圈上删除密钥。
--delete-secret-and-public-key和--delete-keys一样，但是如果私钥存在的话，会先移除私钥。在分批模式下，密钥必须使用指纹表示。

此处在git bash中输入 gpg --delete-secret-and-public-key 25F10366757A2676